Statistics can be, and often are, misread or manipulated, leaving most people none the wiser as to the real cause of a particular effect.
Take the famous ‘tin hat' data collected during the First World War, when head injuries to soldiers, who had previously only worn cloth hats as protection, increased markedly when they were issued with tin hats. Though this made little sense, few could explain it until somebody pointed out that the earlier records only accounted for injuries, not fatalities. Once everyone donned metal, the number of fatalities dropped, but the number of injuries went up because the tin was saving their lives. Mark Twain was right. You may have seen a report on IFAonline.co.uk this week detailing the l...
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