Risk appetite: How can you know when clients don't?

I have spent a lot of time recently looking at the differences between the accumulation (savings) phase and the decumulation (spending) phase of life and the ‘ideal' of that point in the middle when you are able to switch from one to the other. There is no doubt that we are in a time of volatile investment markets and long-term investment decisions are important, but I have come to the conclusion that retirement decisions are perhaps the most important that can be made when it comes to investment. The accumulation phase In the accumulation phase, saving (or not) is a conscious decis...